THE IDIOT TEST (pretty funny)
http://www.addictinggames.com/theidiottest.html
Tuesday, October 6, 2009
6th of August through History
i share my birthday with some cool and not so cool things that happened through history
events
1284 – Italian city of Pisa is defeated in Battle of Meloria by Genoa, ruining its naval power.
1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
1661 – The Treaty of The Hague is signed by Portugal and the Dutch Republic.
1787 – Sixty proof sheets of the Constitution of the United States are delivered to the Constitutional Convention.
1806 – Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates ending the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.
1819 – Norwich University is founded in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States.
1825 – Bolivia gains independence from Spain.
1845 – The Russian Geographical Society is founded in Saint Petersburg.
1861 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos, Nigeria.
1862 – American Civil War: the Confederate ironclad CSS Arkansas is scuttled on the Mississippi River after suffering damage in a battle with USS Essex near Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
1870 – Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Wörth is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory.
1890 – At Auburn Prison in New York murderer William Kemmler becomes the first person to be executed by electric chair.
1901 – Kiowa land in Oklahoma is opened for white settlement, effectively dissolving the contiguous reservation.
1909 – Alice Ramsey and three friends become the first women to complete a transcontinental auto trip.
1912 – The Bull Moose Party meets at the Chicago Coliseum.
1914 – World War I: First Battle of the Atlantic – two days after the United Kingdom had declared war on Germany over the German invasion of Belgium, ten German U-boats leave their base in Helgoland to attack Royal Navy warships in the North Sea.
1914 – World War I: Serbia declares war on Germany; Austria declares war on Russia.
1915 – World War I: Battle of Sari Bair – the Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay.
1917 – World War I: Battle of Mărăşeşti between the Romanian and German armies begins.
1926 – Gertrude Ederle becomes first woman to swim across the English Channel.
1926 – In New York City, the Warner Brothers' Vitaphone system premieres with the movie Don Juan starring John Barrymore.
1926 – Harry Houdini performs his greatest feat, spending 91 minutes underwater in a sealed tank before escaping.
1930 – Judge Joseph Force Crater steps into a taxi in New York and disappears.
1942 – Queen Wilhelmina becomes the first reigning queen to address a joint session of the United States Congress.
1945 – World War II: Hiroshima is devastated when the atomic bomb "Little Boy" is dropped by the United States B-29 Enola Gay. Around 70,000 people are killed instantly, and some tens of thousands die in subsequent years from burns and radiation poisoning.
1956 – After going bankrupt in 1955, the American broadcaster DuMont Television Network makes its final broadcast, a boxing match from St. Nicholas Arena.
1960 – Cuban Revolution: in response to a United States embargo, Cuba nationalizes American and foreign-owned property in the nation.
1962 – Jamaica becomes independent.
1964 – Prometheus, a bristlecone pine and the world's oldest tree, is cut down.
1965 – US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law.
1966 – Braniff Airlines Flight 250 crashes in Falls City, NE killing all 42 on board.
1976 – Zulfikar Ali Bhutto lays the foundation stone of Port Qasim, Karachi.
1986 – A low-pressure system that redeveloped off the New South Wales coast dumps a record 328 millimeters (13 inches) of rain in a day on Sydney.
1988 – The Tompkins Square Park Police Riot in New York City spurs reform of the NYPD, who were responsible for the melee that transpired the night of August 6-7.
1990 – Gulf War: the United Nations Security Council orders a global trade embargo against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.
1991 – Tim Berners-Lee releases files describing his idea for the World Wide Web. WWW debuts as a publicly available service on the Internet.
1991 – Doi Takako, chair of the Social Democratic Party (Japan), becomes Japan's first female speaker of the House of Representatives.
1993 – Heavy rains and debris kill 72 in the Kagoshima and Aira areas, of Kyūshū, Japan.
1996 – NASA announces that the ALH 84001 meteorite, thought to originate from Mars, contains evidence of primitive life-forms.
1997 – Korean Air Flight 801, a Boeing 747-300, crashes into the jungle on Guam on approach to airport, killing 228.
2008 – A military junta led by Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz stages a coup d'état in Mauritania, overthrowing president Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi
Births
1180 – Emperor Go-Toba of Japan (d. 1239)
1504 – Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1575)
1609 – Richard Bennett, British Colonial Governor of Virginia (d. 1675)
1619 – Barbara Strozzi, Italian singer and composer (d. 1677)
1638 – Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (d. 1715)
1644 – Louise de la Vallière, French mistress of Louis XIV of France (d. 1710)
1656 – Claude de Forbin, French naval commander (d. 1733)
1666 – Maria Sofia of the Palatinate, queen of Portugal (d. 1699)
1697 – Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1745)
1715 – Luc de Clapiers, marquis de Vauvenargues, French writer (d. 1747)
1766 – William Hyde Wollaston, English chemist (d. 1828)
1768 – Jean-Baptiste Bessières, French marshal (d. 1813)
1775 – Daniel O'Connell, Irish politician (d. 1847)
1809 – Alfred Lord Tennyson, English poet (d. 1892)
1826 – Thomas Alexander Browne, Australian writer (d. 1915)
1844 – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1900)
1844 – James Henry Greathead, British engineer (d. 1896)
1861 – Edith Roosevelt, American First Lady of the United States (d. 1948)
1866 – Matthew Henson, Arctic explorer (d. 1955)
1868 – Paul Claudel, French poet (d. 1955)
1874 – Charles Fort, American writer and researcher (d. 1932)
1877 – Wallace H. White, Jr., American politician (d. 1952)
1880 – Hans Moser, Austrian actor (d. 1964)
1881 – Leo Carrillo, American actor (d. 1961)
1881 – Alexander Fleming, Scottish scientist, Nobel laureate (d. 1955)
1881 – Louella Parsons, American gossip columnist (d. 1972)
1887 – Dudley Benjafield, British racing driver (d. 1957)
1888 – Heinrich Schlusnus, German baritone (d. 1952)
1889 – George Kenney, American Air Force General (d. 1977)
1889 – John Middleton Murry, English poet (d. 1957)
1891 – William Slim, British general (d. 1970)
1892 – Hoot Gibson, American actor (d. 1962)
1893 – Wright Patman, American politician (d. 1976)
1895 – Ernesto Lecuona, Cuban pianist and composer (d. 1963)
1900 – Cecil H. Green, American geophysicist (d. 2003)
1902 – Dutch Schultz, American bootlegger (d. 1935)
1904 – Henry Iba, American basketball coach (d. 1993)
1906 – Vic Dickenson, American trombonist (d. 1984)
1908 – Helen Jacobs, American tennis player (d. 1997)
1908 – Will Lee, American actor (d. 1982)
1910 – Charles Crichton, British film director (d. 1999)
1911 – Lucille Ball, American actress (d. 1989)
1911 – Norman Gordon, South African cricketer
1911 – Constance Fecher Heaven (aka Constance Fecher, Constance Heaven, Christina Merlin), British romance writer (d. 1995)
1914 – Arthur Charles Dobson, British racing driver (d. 1980)
1916 – Richard Hofstadter, American historian (d. 1970)
1916 – Dom Mintoff, Maltese Prime Minister
1917 – Robert Mitchum, American actor (d. 1997)
1918 – Norman Granz, American record producer (d. 2001)
1920 – Ella Raines, American actress (d. 1988)
1922 – Sir Freddie Laker, English entrepreneur (d. 2006)
1923 – Jess Collins, American artist (d. 2004)
1925 – Barbara Bates, American actress (d. 1969)
1926 – Clem Labine, American baseball player (d. 2007)
1926 – Frank Finlay, British actor
1926 – Norman Wexler, American screenwriter (d. 1999)
1928 – Herb Moford, American baseball player (d. 2005)
1928 – Andy Warhol, American artist (d. 1987)
1929 – Roch La Salle, Canadian politician (d. 2007)
1930 – Abbey Lincoln, American jazz singer
1932 – Howard Hodgkin, British painter
1933 – A. G. Kripal Singh, Indian cricketer (d. 1987)
1934 – Piers Anthony, English writer
1934 – Chris Bonington, British mountaineer
1934 – Billy Boston, Welsh rugby league footballer
1937 – Baden Powell de Aquino, Brazilian guitarist (d. 2000)
1937 – Barbara Windsor, English actress
1938 – Paul Bartel, American actor (d. 2000)
1938 – Peter Bonerz, American actor
1940 – Mukhu Aliyev, Russian politician, President of Dagestan
1940 – Louise Sorel, American actress
1941 – Lyle Berman, American poker player
1941 – Ray Culp, American baseball player
1942 – George Jung, American convicted drug felon
1943 – Jon Postel, American computer scientist (d. 1998)
1945 – Ron Jones, British TV director (d. 1995)
1945 – Andy Messersmith, American baseball player
1946 – Allan Holdsworth, British musician
1946 – Roh Moo-hyun, former President of South Korea (d. 2009)
1946 – Masaaki Sakai, Japanese comedian
1947 – Tony Dell, Australian cricketer
1949 – Dino Bravo, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 1993)
1949 – Alan Campbell, Northern Irish clergyman
1949 – Clarence Richard Silva, Catholic Bishop of Honolulu
1950 – Dorian Harewood, American actor
1951 – Catherine Hicks, American actress
1951 – Daryl Somers, Australian television personality
1952 – Vinnie Vincent, American musician (Kiss)
1953 – Iqbal Qasim, Pakistani cricketer
1954 – Paul Steigerwald, American sports announcer
1955 – Rusty Magee, American composer (d. 2003)
1957 – Bob Horner, American baseball player
1957 – Jim McGreevey, American politician
1960 – Dale Ellis, American basketball player
1962 – Marc Lavoine, French singer and actor
1962 – Michelle Yeoh, Chinese-Malaysian actress
1963 – Kevin Mitnick, American computer hacker
1964 – Moosie Drier, American actor and director
1965 – Yuki Kajiura, Japanese composer
1965 – Juliane Köhler, German actress
1965 – David Robinson, American basketball player
1965 – Mark Speight, British television presenter (d. 2008)
1965 – Vincent Wells, England cricketer
1967 – Archbishop Alexy (Bondarenko), Ukrainian-born theologian
1967 – Mike Greenberg, American sportscaster
1967 – Julie Snyder, Quebec talk show host and producer
1969 – Simon Doull, New Zealand cricketer
1969 – Elliott Smith, American musician (d. 2003)
1970 – M. Night Shyamalan, Indian/American film director
1970 – Erwin Thijs, Belgian cyclist
1971 – Merrin Dungey, American actress
1971 – Scott Minto, English footballer
1971 – Piyal Wijetunge, Sri Lankan cricketer
1972 – Geri Halliwell, British singer (Spice Girls)
1973 – Vera Farmiga, American actress
1973 – Karenna Gore Schiff, American author and political figure
1973 – Max Kellerman, American sportscaster
1973 – Stuart O'Grady, Australian cyclist
1974 – Ever Carradine, American actress
1974 – Luis Vizcaino, Dominican baseball player
1974 – Alvin Williams, American basketball player
1975 – Victor Zambrano, Venezuelan baseball player
1975 – Renate Götschl, Austrian alpine skier
1975 – Jamie McGonnigal, American actor
1976 – Melissa George, Australian actress
1976 – Soleil Moon Frye, American actress
1977 – Leandro Amaral, Brazilian footballer
1977 – Jennifer Lyons, American actress
1977 – Jimmy Nielsen, Danish footballer
1977 – Luciano Zavagno, Argentine footballer
1978 – Marisa Miller, American model
1978 – Brian Maillard, Swiss guitarist (Dominici)
1980 – Danny Collins, Welsh footballer
1980 – Wilber Pan, American/Taiwanese singer
1982 – Adrianne Curry, American model and reality television personality
1982 – Kevin van der Perren, Belgian figure skater
1983 – Robin van Persie, Dutch footballer
1984 – Vedad Ibisevic, Bosnian footballer
1985 – Bafétimbi Gomis, French footballer
1985 – Garrett Weber-Gale, American swimmer
1990 – Jon Benet Ramsey, American beauty pageant contestant and murder victim (d. 1996)
events
1284 – Italian city of Pisa is defeated in Battle of Meloria by Genoa, ruining its naval power.
1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
1661 – The Treaty of The Hague is signed by Portugal and the Dutch Republic.
1787 – Sixty proof sheets of the Constitution of the United States are delivered to the Constitutional Convention.
1806 – Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates ending the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.
1819 – Norwich University is founded in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States.
1825 – Bolivia gains independence from Spain.
1845 – The Russian Geographical Society is founded in Saint Petersburg.
1861 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos, Nigeria.
1862 – American Civil War: the Confederate ironclad CSS Arkansas is scuttled on the Mississippi River after suffering damage in a battle with USS Essex near Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
1870 – Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Wörth is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory.
1890 – At Auburn Prison in New York murderer William Kemmler becomes the first person to be executed by electric chair.
1901 – Kiowa land in Oklahoma is opened for white settlement, effectively dissolving the contiguous reservation.
1909 – Alice Ramsey and three friends become the first women to complete a transcontinental auto trip.
1912 – The Bull Moose Party meets at the Chicago Coliseum.
1914 – World War I: First Battle of the Atlantic – two days after the United Kingdom had declared war on Germany over the German invasion of Belgium, ten German U-boats leave their base in Helgoland to attack Royal Navy warships in the North Sea.
1914 – World War I: Serbia declares war on Germany; Austria declares war on Russia.
1915 – World War I: Battle of Sari Bair – the Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay.
1917 – World War I: Battle of Mărăşeşti between the Romanian and German armies begins.
1926 – Gertrude Ederle becomes first woman to swim across the English Channel.
1926 – In New York City, the Warner Brothers' Vitaphone system premieres with the movie Don Juan starring John Barrymore.
1926 – Harry Houdini performs his greatest feat, spending 91 minutes underwater in a sealed tank before escaping.
1930 – Judge Joseph Force Crater steps into a taxi in New York and disappears.
1942 – Queen Wilhelmina becomes the first reigning queen to address a joint session of the United States Congress.
1945 – World War II: Hiroshima is devastated when the atomic bomb "Little Boy" is dropped by the United States B-29 Enola Gay. Around 70,000 people are killed instantly, and some tens of thousands die in subsequent years from burns and radiation poisoning.
1956 – After going bankrupt in 1955, the American broadcaster DuMont Television Network makes its final broadcast, a boxing match from St. Nicholas Arena.
1960 – Cuban Revolution: in response to a United States embargo, Cuba nationalizes American and foreign-owned property in the nation.
1962 – Jamaica becomes independent.
1964 – Prometheus, a bristlecone pine and the world's oldest tree, is cut down.
1965 – US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law.
1966 – Braniff Airlines Flight 250 crashes in Falls City, NE killing all 42 on board.
1976 – Zulfikar Ali Bhutto lays the foundation stone of Port Qasim, Karachi.
1986 – A low-pressure system that redeveloped off the New South Wales coast dumps a record 328 millimeters (13 inches) of rain in a day on Sydney.
1988 – The Tompkins Square Park Police Riot in New York City spurs reform of the NYPD, who were responsible for the melee that transpired the night of August 6-7.
1990 – Gulf War: the United Nations Security Council orders a global trade embargo against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.
1991 – Tim Berners-Lee releases files describing his idea for the World Wide Web. WWW debuts as a publicly available service on the Internet.
1991 – Doi Takako, chair of the Social Democratic Party (Japan), becomes Japan's first female speaker of the House of Representatives.
1993 – Heavy rains and debris kill 72 in the Kagoshima and Aira areas, of Kyūshū, Japan.
1996 – NASA announces that the ALH 84001 meteorite, thought to originate from Mars, contains evidence of primitive life-forms.
1997 – Korean Air Flight 801, a Boeing 747-300, crashes into the jungle on Guam on approach to airport, killing 228.
2008 – A military junta led by Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz stages a coup d'état in Mauritania, overthrowing president Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi
Births
1180 – Emperor Go-Toba of Japan (d. 1239)
1504 – Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1575)
1609 – Richard Bennett, British Colonial Governor of Virginia (d. 1675)
1619 – Barbara Strozzi, Italian singer and composer (d. 1677)
1638 – Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (d. 1715)
1644 – Louise de la Vallière, French mistress of Louis XIV of France (d. 1710)
1656 – Claude de Forbin, French naval commander (d. 1733)
1666 – Maria Sofia of the Palatinate, queen of Portugal (d. 1699)
1697 – Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1745)
1715 – Luc de Clapiers, marquis de Vauvenargues, French writer (d. 1747)
1766 – William Hyde Wollaston, English chemist (d. 1828)
1768 – Jean-Baptiste Bessières, French marshal (d. 1813)
1775 – Daniel O'Connell, Irish politician (d. 1847)
1809 – Alfred Lord Tennyson, English poet (d. 1892)
1826 – Thomas Alexander Browne, Australian writer (d. 1915)
1844 – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1900)
1844 – James Henry Greathead, British engineer (d. 1896)
1861 – Edith Roosevelt, American First Lady of the United States (d. 1948)
1866 – Matthew Henson, Arctic explorer (d. 1955)
1868 – Paul Claudel, French poet (d. 1955)
1874 – Charles Fort, American writer and researcher (d. 1932)
1877 – Wallace H. White, Jr., American politician (d. 1952)
1880 – Hans Moser, Austrian actor (d. 1964)
1881 – Leo Carrillo, American actor (d. 1961)
1881 – Alexander Fleming, Scottish scientist, Nobel laureate (d. 1955)
1881 – Louella Parsons, American gossip columnist (d. 1972)
1887 – Dudley Benjafield, British racing driver (d. 1957)
1888 – Heinrich Schlusnus, German baritone (d. 1952)
1889 – George Kenney, American Air Force General (d. 1977)
1889 – John Middleton Murry, English poet (d. 1957)
1891 – William Slim, British general (d. 1970)
1892 – Hoot Gibson, American actor (d. 1962)
1893 – Wright Patman, American politician (d. 1976)
1895 – Ernesto Lecuona, Cuban pianist and composer (d. 1963)
1900 – Cecil H. Green, American geophysicist (d. 2003)
1902 – Dutch Schultz, American bootlegger (d. 1935)
1904 – Henry Iba, American basketball coach (d. 1993)
1906 – Vic Dickenson, American trombonist (d. 1984)
1908 – Helen Jacobs, American tennis player (d. 1997)
1908 – Will Lee, American actor (d. 1982)
1910 – Charles Crichton, British film director (d. 1999)
1911 – Lucille Ball, American actress (d. 1989)
1911 – Norman Gordon, South African cricketer
1911 – Constance Fecher Heaven (aka Constance Fecher, Constance Heaven, Christina Merlin), British romance writer (d. 1995)
1914 – Arthur Charles Dobson, British racing driver (d. 1980)
1916 – Richard Hofstadter, American historian (d. 1970)
1916 – Dom Mintoff, Maltese Prime Minister
1917 – Robert Mitchum, American actor (d. 1997)
1918 – Norman Granz, American record producer (d. 2001)
1920 – Ella Raines, American actress (d. 1988)
1922 – Sir Freddie Laker, English entrepreneur (d. 2006)
1923 – Jess Collins, American artist (d. 2004)
1925 – Barbara Bates, American actress (d. 1969)
1926 – Clem Labine, American baseball player (d. 2007)
1926 – Frank Finlay, British actor
1926 – Norman Wexler, American screenwriter (d. 1999)
1928 – Herb Moford, American baseball player (d. 2005)
1928 – Andy Warhol, American artist (d. 1987)
1929 – Roch La Salle, Canadian politician (d. 2007)
1930 – Abbey Lincoln, American jazz singer
1932 – Howard Hodgkin, British painter
1933 – A. G. Kripal Singh, Indian cricketer (d. 1987)
1934 – Piers Anthony, English writer
1934 – Chris Bonington, British mountaineer
1934 – Billy Boston, Welsh rugby league footballer
1937 – Baden Powell de Aquino, Brazilian guitarist (d. 2000)
1937 – Barbara Windsor, English actress
1938 – Paul Bartel, American actor (d. 2000)
1938 – Peter Bonerz, American actor
1940 – Mukhu Aliyev, Russian politician, President of Dagestan
1940 – Louise Sorel, American actress
1941 – Lyle Berman, American poker player
1941 – Ray Culp, American baseball player
1942 – George Jung, American convicted drug felon
1943 – Jon Postel, American computer scientist (d. 1998)
1945 – Ron Jones, British TV director (d. 1995)
1945 – Andy Messersmith, American baseball player
1946 – Allan Holdsworth, British musician
1946 – Roh Moo-hyun, former President of South Korea (d. 2009)
1946 – Masaaki Sakai, Japanese comedian
1947 – Tony Dell, Australian cricketer
1949 – Dino Bravo, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 1993)
1949 – Alan Campbell, Northern Irish clergyman
1949 – Clarence Richard Silva, Catholic Bishop of Honolulu
1950 – Dorian Harewood, American actor
1951 – Catherine Hicks, American actress
1951 – Daryl Somers, Australian television personality
1952 – Vinnie Vincent, American musician (Kiss)
1953 – Iqbal Qasim, Pakistani cricketer
1954 – Paul Steigerwald, American sports announcer
1955 – Rusty Magee, American composer (d. 2003)
1957 – Bob Horner, American baseball player
1957 – Jim McGreevey, American politician
1960 – Dale Ellis, American basketball player
1962 – Marc Lavoine, French singer and actor
1962 – Michelle Yeoh, Chinese-Malaysian actress
1963 – Kevin Mitnick, American computer hacker
1964 – Moosie Drier, American actor and director
1965 – Yuki Kajiura, Japanese composer
1965 – Juliane Köhler, German actress
1965 – David Robinson, American basketball player
1965 – Mark Speight, British television presenter (d. 2008)
1965 – Vincent Wells, England cricketer
1967 – Archbishop Alexy (Bondarenko), Ukrainian-born theologian
1967 – Mike Greenberg, American sportscaster
1967 – Julie Snyder, Quebec talk show host and producer
1969 – Simon Doull, New Zealand cricketer
1969 – Elliott Smith, American musician (d. 2003)
1970 – M. Night Shyamalan, Indian/American film director
1970 – Erwin Thijs, Belgian cyclist
1971 – Merrin Dungey, American actress
1971 – Scott Minto, English footballer
1971 – Piyal Wijetunge, Sri Lankan cricketer
1972 – Geri Halliwell, British singer (Spice Girls)
1973 – Vera Farmiga, American actress
1973 – Karenna Gore Schiff, American author and political figure
1973 – Max Kellerman, American sportscaster
1973 – Stuart O'Grady, Australian cyclist
1974 – Ever Carradine, American actress
1974 – Luis Vizcaino, Dominican baseball player
1974 – Alvin Williams, American basketball player
1975 – Victor Zambrano, Venezuelan baseball player
1975 – Renate Götschl, Austrian alpine skier
1975 – Jamie McGonnigal, American actor
1976 – Melissa George, Australian actress
1976 – Soleil Moon Frye, American actress
1977 – Leandro Amaral, Brazilian footballer
1977 – Jennifer Lyons, American actress
1977 – Jimmy Nielsen, Danish footballer
1977 – Luciano Zavagno, Argentine footballer
1978 – Marisa Miller, American model
1978 – Brian Maillard, Swiss guitarist (Dominici)
1980 – Danny Collins, Welsh footballer
1980 – Wilber Pan, American/Taiwanese singer
1982 – Adrianne Curry, American model and reality television personality
1982 – Kevin van der Perren, Belgian figure skater
1983 – Robin van Persie, Dutch footballer
1984 – Vedad Ibisevic, Bosnian footballer
1985 – Bafétimbi Gomis, French footballer
1985 – Garrett Weber-Gale, American swimmer
1990 – Jon Benet Ramsey, American beauty pageant contestant and murder victim (d. 1996)
Monday, October 5, 2009
Liverpool Football Club History
Liverpool Football Club (pronounced /'lɪvərˌpul/) is a professional football club based in Liverpool, England. The club plays in the Premier League, and has won more trophies than any other English club. Liverpool has won a joint-record eighteen league titles,seven FA Cups, seven League Cups, and the European Cup five times, a record for an English club.
The club was founded in 1892 when a dispute between Everton F.C. and the landlord of their Anfield stadium saw Everton relocate to Goodison Park and the old stadium become vacant. They joined the Football League soon afterwards and within a few years were a strong force in English football, winning five league championships between 1900 and 1947. However, Liverpool slipped into the Football League Second Division in the 1950s, and did not win promotion again until 1962, three years after the appointment of Bill Shankly as manager. They were First Division champions for the sixth time in 1964 - just two years after promotion.
The club traditionally played in red and white, but this was changed to all red in the 1960s.
Under Shankly's management, Liverpool won three League Championship titles, two FA Cups and a UEFA Cup; the club's first European trophy. He retired in 1974 at the end of the season that brought them an FA Cup triumph, to be succeeded by coach Bob Paisley, who set a new record of winning 13 major tropies between then and his retirement in 1983 - including three European Cups.
In the past 30 years, they have been one of the most successful clubs in English and European football; they won four European Cups between 1977 and 1984.
The Heysel Stadium disaster made the club infamous in Europe; 39 Juventus fans died after a wall collapsed as they fled from charging Liverpool fans. The club was involved in another disaster four years later—the Hillsborough Disaster— which saw the death of 96 Liverpool fans in a crush against perimeter fencing. Flames were added to the club's crest in honour of the Liverpool fans who lost their lives at Hillsborough. Both disasters have had wide-ranging impacts on English and European football, and the club, to this day.
Liverpool remained highly successful to the end of the 1980s. Despite being banned from European competitions for six years after the tragedy at Heysel, Liverpool dominated the domestic scene under player-manager Kenny Dalglish who succeeded Joe Fagan in 1985. They joined the elite of clubs to have won the double of the league title and FA Cup in 1986, gained two further league titles in 1988 and again in 1990, and also won their fourth FA Cup in 1989.
The 1990s was a relatively unsuccessful decade by Liverpool standards. The 1990 league title was their most recent top division title to date, although they did win the FA Cup in 1992 and a record fifth League Cup in 1995, they never finished higher than third place after 1991 and in 1994 finished as low as eighth.
However, the 2000s has seen an upturn in fortunes for the club. They won three trophies in 2001 (the UEFA Cup, FA Cup and League Cup), finished second in the league in 2002 after 11 years outside the top two and won their seventh League Cup in 2003 under the management of Frenchman Gerard Houllier, who had been appointed in 1998. Houllier was succeeded by Rafael Benitez in 2004, and in his first season they won their fifth European Cup. Since then they have also won their seventh FA Cup as well as achieving another second place finish in the league. In spite of these success, they have still yet to win the league title since 1990.
Liverpool F.C. has played at Anfield since its formation, but plans to move to a new stadium in Stanley Park, which was due to be completed by 2011 but has been put on hold until economic conditions improve. Liverpool has a large and diverse fan base, which holds long-standing rivalries with several clubs. The most notable of these are their rivalries with Manchester United and Everton, with whom they contest the Merseyside derby.
Liverpool F.C. was founded after a dispute between Everton and John Houlding, the leaseholder of Anfield and Everton director. Fundamental difference emerged in how the club should be run when the club assessed the purchase of the whole of the Anfield site. Houlding was accused of motives for personal financial gain. Everton who had been playing at Anfield for eight years departed from Houlding and Anfield moving to a new stadium in Goodison Park.
Liverpool F.C. was founded by Houlding to play at the vacated Anfield. The original name was to be Everton F.C. and Athletic Grounds, Ltd., or Everton Athletic for short, but it was changed to Liverpool F.C. in June 1892 when The Football Association refused to recognise the team as Everton.
The club won the Lancashire League in their first season, and successfully applied to join the Second Division for the following season. They won the league and were promoted to the First Division. They won their first title in 1900–01, and were champions again in 1905–06. They reached their first FA Cup final in 1914 but lost 1–0 to Burnley. The club won back-to-back championships in 1921–22 and 1922–23, but after this the club did not win another trophy until 1946–47 when they won the League for a fifth time. The club reached the FA Cup final in 1950, but lost to Arsenal. Liverpool struggled afterwards, and the club was relegated to the Second Division in the 1953–54 season.
Liverpool foundered until the appointment of Bill Shankly as manager in 1959. On his appointment he released 24 players. He also converted a room at Enfield originally used for boot storage into a room where the coaches could talk strategy over tea (and other beverages). There Shankly, along with other founding Boot Room members Joe Fagan, Reuben Bennett, and Bob Paisley, started the arduous task of reshaping the team.
Promotion to the First Division was achieved in 1961–62, and the club won the League for the first time in 17 years in 1963–64. Another League title followed in 1965–66, after the club had won their first FA Cup the previous season. The club won the League and UEFA Cup in 1972–73 and the FA Cup again a year later; after this, Shankly retired and was replaced by assistant Bob Paisley. Paisley was even more successful than Shankly and the club won the League and UEFA Cup in 1975–76, his second season as manager. The following season they retained the League title, won the European Cup for the first time, but lost in the FA Cup final, narrowly missing out on a treble. Liverpool retained the European Cup the next season, and the season after won the League again with 68 points—a domestic record, conceding only 16 goals in 42 league matches. During the nine seasons Paisley managed the club, Liverpool won 21 trophies, including three European Cups, a UEFA Cup, six league titles and three consecutive League Cups. The only domestic trophy to elude him was the FA Cup.
Paisley retired in 1983 and (as Shankly had done) handed the reins to a Boot Room veteran, assistant coach Joe Fagan. Liverpool won three trophies in Fagan's first season in charge: the League, League Cup and European Cup, becoming the first English side to win three trophies in a season. Liverpool reached the European Cup final again in 1985. The match was against Juventus at the Heysel Stadium. Before kick-off, disaster struck: Liverpool fans breached a fence which separated the two groups of supporters and charged the Juventus fans. The resulting weight of people caused a retaining wall to collapse, killing 39 fans, mostly Italians. The match was played regardless and Liverpool lost 1–0 to Juventus. English clubs were consequently banned from participating in European competition for five years; Liverpool received a ten-year ban, which was later reduced to six years. Fourteen of their fans received convictions for involuntary manslaughter.
Fagan resigned after the disaster and Kenny Dalglish was appointed as player-manager. During his reign, the club won another three League Championships and two FA Cups, including a League and Cup "Double" in 1985–86. Liverpool's success was overshadowed by the Hillsborough Disaster: in an FA Cup semi-final against Nottingham Forest on 15 April 1989, hundreds of Liverpool fans were crushed. 94 fans died that day; the 95th victim died in hospital from his injuries four days later, and the 96th died nearly four years later without regaining consciousness. After the Hillsborough tragedy there was a governmental review of stadium safety. Known as the Taylor Report, it paved the way for legislation which required top-division teams to have all-seater stadiums. The report ruled that the main reason for the disaster was overcrowding due to a failure of police control. Dalglish cited the Hillsborough Disaster and its repercussions as the reason for his resignation in 1991. He was replaced by former player Graeme Souness. Apart from winning the FA Cup in 1992, Souness achieved little success and was replaced by a former member of the "Boot Room", Roy Evans. Evans fared little better: a League Cup victory in 1995 was his only trophy. Gérard Houllier was appointed as co-manager in 1998–99, but was left in sole charge after Evans resigned in November 1998.
In his second season in charge Liverpool won a unique treble of the FA Cup, League Cup and UEFA Cup.In the 2001–02 season, during which Houllier underwent major heart surgery, Liverpool finished second behind Arsenal. The following seasons failed to live up to expectations and Houllier was replaced by Rafael Benítez. The club finished fifth in his first season in charge but won the UEFA Champions League by beating Milan 3–2 in a penalty shootout after the match finished 3–3. The following season Liverpool finished third with 82 points—their highest total since 1988. They won the FA Cup as they had the Champions League victory the previous season, by beating West Ham United in penalty shootout after the match finished at 3–3. In 2006–07, the club's search for investment came to an end when American businessmen George Gillett and Tom Hicks became the owners of Liverpool in a deal which valued the club and its outstanding debts at £218.9 million.That season, the club reached another Champions League final, but this time they lost 2–1 to AC Milan.
Liverpool traditionally played in red and white, but this was changed to an all red kit in the mid 1960s. Red has not always been used, in the early days, when the club took over Anfield from Everton; they used the Toffees' colours of blue and white. Their kit was almost identical to that worn by the Everton team of the time. By 1894 Liverpool had chosen red, and in 1901 the city's liver bird was adopted as the club's badge. For the next 60 years Liverpool's kit was red shirts with white shorts. The socks were changed over the years from red, to black, to white, and back to red again.
In 1964, then-Liverpool manager Bill Shankly decided to send the team out in all red for the first time against Anderlecht, as Ian St. John recalled in his autobiography:
“
He thought the colour scheme would carry psychological impact—red for danger, red for power. He came into the dressing room one day and threw a pair of red shorts to Ronnie Yeats. “Get into those shorts and let’s see how you look,” he said. “Christ, Ronnie, you look awesome, terrifying. You look 7ft tall.” “Why not go the whole hog, boss?” I suggested. “Why not wear red socks? Let’s go out all in red.” Shankly approved and an iconic kit was born.
”
Liverpool's away colours are traditionally either white shirts and black shorts or all yellow. However, in 1987 an all grey kit was introduced, which was used until the centenary season of 1991–92, when it was replaced by a combination of green shirts and white shorts. After various colour combinations in the 1990s, including gold and navy, bright yellow, black and grey, and ecru, the club alternated between yellow and white away kits until the 2008–09 season, when they re-introduced the grey kit.The current kits are designed by Adidas, who made the club's kits between 1985 and 1996. The only other branded shirts worn by the club were made by Umbro until 1985 and Reebok for ten seasons starting in 1996.A third kit, consisting of a turquoise top and black shorts, has been designed primarily for Champions League away games, but is used for any domestic games where both red and grey would clash
Liverpool was the first British professional club to have a sponsor's logo on their shirts, after they agreed to a deal with Hitachi in 1979. Since then they have been sponsored by Crown Paints, Candy, Carlsberg and soon to be Standard Chartered Bank. The contract with Carlsberg, which was signed in 1992, was the longest agreement in English top-flight football.
Liverpool have confirmed that sponsor Carlsberg will be replaced with Standard Chartered Bank at the start of the 2010-11 season, ending a 17-year association with Carlsberg.
The Liverpool badge is based around the city's liver bird, which is placed inside a shield. Above the shield is a representation of the Shankly Gates with the title of club's famous anthem, "You'll Never Walk Alone". The twin flames at either side are symbolic of the Hillsborough memorial outside Anfield, where an eternal flame burns in memory of those who died in the disaster.
Liverpool has played at Anfield since they were founded in 1892. Anfield was built in 1884 on land adjacent to Stanley Park, and was originally used by Everton. They left the ground in 1892 over a dispute about rent with the owner of Anfield, John Houlding, who decided to form a new club to play at the ground. The capacity of the stadium was 20,000, although only 100 spectators attended Liverpool's first match at Anfield.
In 1906, the banked stand at one end of the ground was formally renamed the Spion Kop after a hill in Natal. The hill was the site of the Battle of Spion Kop in the Second Boer War, where over 300 men of the Lancashire Regiment died, many of whom were from Liverpool. At its largest, the stand could hold 28,000 spectators, and was one of the largest single tier stands in the world. Many stadia in England had stands named after the Spion Kop, but Anfield's was the largest Kop in the country at the time; it was able to hold more supporters than some entire football grounds. The stand was considerably reduced in capacity due to safety measures brought in following the Hillsborough Disaster. It was completely rebuilt as an all-seater stand in 1994, and remains a single tier stand with a reduced capacity of 12,390.
The Anfield Road stand is positioned at the opposite end to the Kop, and houses the away team's fans. Rebuilt in 1998 with a capacity of 9,074, it is the newest stand at Anfield. The two stands adjacent to these are the Main Stand, with a capacity of 12,227, and the Centenary Stand, which has a capacity of 11,762. The Main Stand is the oldest part of Anfield, and has remained largely untouched since its redevelopment in 1973. It houses the players' changing rooms and the director's box, and the dug-outs are in front of the stand. The Centenary Stand was previously known as the Kemlyn Road Stand until it was rebuilt for the club's centenary in 1992. The redevelopment saw the houses in Kemlyn Road demolished and the address become non-existent. The capacity of the stadium is 45,362. It is rated as a four-star stadium in the UEFA Stadia List.
On 30 July 2004, the Liverpool City Council granted the club planning permission to build a new 60,000-seat stadium just 300 yards (270 m) away from Anfield at Stanley Park,and on 8 September 2006 the Council agreed to grant Liverpool F.C. a 999-year lease on the land on the proposed site. Following the takeover of the club in February 2007 by George Gillett and Tom Hicks, the proposed stadium was redesigned. In November 2007, the new design was approved by the Council, and construction started in June 2008. HKS, Inc. are building the new stadium which is expected to be completed in 2011.
Training ground
Melwood, in West Derby, Liverpool, has been the home of Liverpool's training ground since the 1950s. It is not attached to The Academy, which is in Kirkby. The ground previously belonged to St Francis Xavier, a local school.
Liverpool has a large and loyal fan-base, and nearly all home matches sell out. During the season 2008–09, Liverpool had the fourth-highest average League attendance for an English club: 44,318, which is 96.8% of available capacity.Liverpool fans often refer to themselves as "Kopites", which is a reference to the fans who once stood, and now sit, on the Kop at Anfield.
The song "You'll Never Walk Alone", originally from the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Carousel and later recorded by Liverpool musicians Gerry & The Pacemakers, is the club's anthem, and has been sung by the Anfield crowd since the early 1960s. It has since gained popularity among fans of other clubs around the world.The song's title adorns the top of the Shankly Gates, which were unveiled on 2 August 1982 in memory of the former manager Bill Shankly. The "You'll Never Walk Alone" portion of the Shankly Gates is also reproduced on the club's crest.
Liverpool's longest-established rivalry is with fellow Merseyside team Everton, against whom they contest the Merseyside derby. This stems from Liverpool's formation and the dispute with Everton officials and the then owners of Anfield. Religious differences have been cited as a cause of division, although both teams stem from a Methodist origin, which undermines the notion of a Catholic–Protestant split.The Merseyside derby is usually a sell-out fixture. More players have been sent off in it than in any other fixture in Premier League history. It is one of the few local derbies that does not enforce fan segregation.Liverpool has a rivalry with its neighbours Manchester United. This is mostly due to the success enjoyed by the two clubs and the proximity of the two cities. The rivalry is so intense that the last player to be transferred between the two clubs was Phil Chisnall in 1964, when he moved to Liverpool from United.
The club's supporters have been involved in two major tragic events. The first was the Heysel Stadium disaster, in which 39 Juventus fans were killed. They were penned into a corner by Liverpool fans who charged in their direction, the sheer number of fans cornered caused a wall to collapse. After the final UEFA laid the blame for the incident solely on the fans of Liverpool, English clubs were banned from European competition for five years and Liverpool served an extra year, a six-year ban. There were 27 arrests on suspicion of manslaughter – the only extraditable offence applicable to events at Heysel. The majority of these people were from Merseyside. Some of these people had previous convictions for football-related violence. In 1989, after a 5-month trial in Belgium, fourteen Liverpool fans were given 3-year sentences for involuntary manslaughter.Half the terms were suspendedand it is unclear how many served their sentences.
The second was during an FA Cup semi-final in 1989 between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest, 96 Liverpool fans died due to overcrowding in what became known as the Hillsborough Disaster. The Sun newspaper published an article entitled "The Truth", in which it claimed that Liverpool fans had robbed and urinated on the dead and had attacked the police. Subsequent investigations proved the allegations to be false, and this led to a city-wide boycott of the newspaper. Many organisations were set up as a result of the disaster, such as the Hillsborough Justice Campaign, which represents bereaved families, survivors and supporters, who campaign for justice for the 96 people who died in Sheffield on 15 April 1989.
Ownership and finances
Liverpool is owned by George Gillett and Tom Hicks, who acquired the club on 6 February 2007 from previous chairman David Moores. The deal valued the club and its outstanding debts at £218.9 million. The pair paid £5,000 per share, or £174.1m for the total shareholding in the club, and £44.8m to cover the club's debts.Disagreements between Gillett and Hicks, and their lack of the fans' support, have precipitated rumours that Dubai International Capital (DIC), who were interested in buying the club before Gillett and Hicks took over, would bid for the club. Another group, Share Liverpool FC, also expressed interest in purchasing the club. They proposed to pay £500m, which would be funded by 100,000 fans contributing £5,000 each for a club share. However, the group have been unable to raise the required capital to make an offer for the club.
In April 2008, business magazine Forbes ranked Liverpool as the fourth most valuable football team in the world, after Manchester United, Real Madrid and Arsenal. They valued the club at $1.0bn (£605m), excluding debt.Accountants Deloitte rate Liverpool eighth in the 2008 Deloitte Football Money League, which ranks the world's football clubs in terms of revenue. Liverpool's income of £133.9m in the 2006–07 season moved them up from tenth the previous season.
Liverpool in popular culture
As the most successful team in the history of English football, Liverpool is often featured when football is depicted in British culture and has appeared in a number of media "firsts". The club appeared in the first edition of the BBC's Match of the Day, which screened highlights of their match against Arsenal at Anfield on 22 August 1964. The club was also the subject of television's first colour football transmission, which showed their match against West Ham United live.Liverpool fans feature in the Pink Floyd song "Fearless", in which they sang excerpts from "You'll Never Walk Alone".Liverpool released a song known as the "Anfield Rap" in 1988. It was the club's FA Cup anthem for the final against Wimbledon, and featured John Barnes performing a rap with other members of the squad participating.
A documentary drama on the Hillsborough Disaster written by Jimmy McGovern was screened in 1996. It features Christopher Eccleston as Trevor Hicks, whose story formed the focus of the script. Hicks, who lost two teenage daughters in the disaster, went on to campaign for safer stadia and helped to form the Hillsborough Families Support Group. Liverpool feature in the film The 51st State (also known as Formula 51). Ex-hitman Felix DeSouza (Robert Carlyle) is an avid fan of the team and the last scene of the film takes place at a match between Liverpool and Manchester United. The club was featured in a children's television show called Scully; the plot revolved around a young boy, Francis Scully, who tried to win a trial with Liverpool. The show featured prominent Liverpool players of the time such as Kenny Dalglish.
Statistics and records
Main article: List of Liverpool F.C. statistics and records
Liverpool's first competitive game was an 8–0 victory in the Lancashire League against Higher Walton. Ian Callaghan holds Liverpool's overall appearance record—he played 857 matches over the course of 19 seasons from 1958 to 1978—and the record for League appearances with 640.Of the current squad, Jamie Carragher has the most appearances; he played his 500th game for the club early in 2008.
Liverpool's all-time leading scorer is Ian Rush, who scored 346 goals while at the club from 1980 to 1987 and 1988 to 1996. Rush holds the record for the most goals in a season with 47 in 1983–84. However, during his career, Rush could not surpass Roger Hunt's record number of league goals, which has stood at 245 since 1970. In the 1961–62 season, Hunt scored 41 goals, which is the club record for league goals in a single season. Gordon Hodgson, the club's third highest scorer with 240 goals, holds the club record of 17 hat tricks.The most goals scored by a player in a single match is five; John Miller, Andy McGuigan, John Evans, Ian Rush and Robbie Fowler have achieved this feat.Fowler also holds the club and Premier League record for the fastest hat trick: he scored three goals in four minutes, 32 seconds against Arsenal in the 1994–95 season.Steven Gerrard is Liverpool's all-time leading goalscorer in European competition with 29 goals.
Liverpool's biggest victory is 11–0 against Strømsgodset IF in 1974.Liverpool's 10–1 defeat of Rotherham Town in 1896 was its largest league win.This margin of victory was matched when Crystal Palace were defeated 9–0 at Anfield in 1989.Liverpool's heaviest defeat, 1–9, came against Birmingham City in 1954. Liverpool's 8–0 win against Beşiktaş J.K. in the Champions League was the largest victory in the competition's history at the time.
Award winners
Ballon d'Or
The following players have won the Ballon d'Or whilst playing for Liverpool:
Michael Owen – 2001
European Golden Shoe
The following players have won the European Golden Shoe whilst playing for Liverpool:
Ian Rush (32 goals) – 1984
UEFA Club Footballer of the Year
The following players have won the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year award whilst playing for Liverpool:
Steven Gerrard – 2005
Liverpool has had 17 permanent managers and one caretaker manager since the club's first appointed, W.E. Barclay and John McKenna as professional managers in 1892. The longest-serving manager in terms of time was Tom Watson, who managed Liverpool for 19 years from 1896 to 1915. Bill Shankly managed the club for more games than any other manager; he served for 783 matches. Kenny Dalglish was the first player-manager in English football when he was appointed in 1985. Bob Paisley, who won 19 trophies during his tenure, was the club's most successful manager.
Liverpool has won the English League Championship eighteen times (a record they share with Manchester United), the FA Cup seven times and the League Cup a record seven times. The club achieved a League and FA Cup "Double" in 1986, and has won the League and European Cup double twice, in 1977 and 1984. They also won the League Cup in 1984 to complete a unique treble, a feat they repeated (albeit with different trophies) in 2001 when they won the FA Cup, League Cup and UEFA Cup. Liverpool has won the European Cup, Europe's primary club competition, five times, which is an English record. Only Real Madrid and Milan has won the competition on more occasions. The club's fifth triumph meant that they won the trophy outright and was awarded a multiple-winner badge. The club has won the UEFA Cup, Europe's secondary club competition, three times, a record they share with Juventus and Internazionale.
Domestic
League
Football League First Division (English football champions) (level 1)
Winners (18): 1900–01, 1905–06, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1946–47, 1963–64, 1965–66, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1989–90
Second Division (level 2)
Winners (4): 1893–94, 1895–96, 1904–05, 1961–62
Lancashire League
Winners (1): 1892–93
Cups
FA Cup
Winners (7): 1965, 1974, 1986, 1989, 1992, 2001, 2006
League Cup
Winners (7): 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1995, 2001, 2003
FA Charity Shield / FA Community Shield
Winners (15, 10 outright and 5 shared): 1964 (shared), 1965 (shared), 1966, 1974, 1976, 1977 (shared), 1979, 1980, 1982, 1986 (shared), 1988, 1989, 1990 (shared), 2001, 2006
Super Cup
Winners (1): 1986
European
European Cup and UEFA Champions League
Winners (5): 1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005
UEFA Cup
Winners (3): 1973, 1976, 2001
UEFA Super Cup
Winners (3): 1977, 2001, 2005
The club was founded in 1892 when a dispute between Everton F.C. and the landlord of their Anfield stadium saw Everton relocate to Goodison Park and the old stadium become vacant. They joined the Football League soon afterwards and within a few years were a strong force in English football, winning five league championships between 1900 and 1947. However, Liverpool slipped into the Football League Second Division in the 1950s, and did not win promotion again until 1962, three years after the appointment of Bill Shankly as manager. They were First Division champions for the sixth time in 1964 - just two years after promotion.
The club traditionally played in red and white, but this was changed to all red in the 1960s.
Under Shankly's management, Liverpool won three League Championship titles, two FA Cups and a UEFA Cup; the club's first European trophy. He retired in 1974 at the end of the season that brought them an FA Cup triumph, to be succeeded by coach Bob Paisley, who set a new record of winning 13 major tropies between then and his retirement in 1983 - including three European Cups.
In the past 30 years, they have been one of the most successful clubs in English and European football; they won four European Cups between 1977 and 1984.
The Heysel Stadium disaster made the club infamous in Europe; 39 Juventus fans died after a wall collapsed as they fled from charging Liverpool fans. The club was involved in another disaster four years later—the Hillsborough Disaster— which saw the death of 96 Liverpool fans in a crush against perimeter fencing. Flames were added to the club's crest in honour of the Liverpool fans who lost their lives at Hillsborough. Both disasters have had wide-ranging impacts on English and European football, and the club, to this day.
Liverpool remained highly successful to the end of the 1980s. Despite being banned from European competitions for six years after the tragedy at Heysel, Liverpool dominated the domestic scene under player-manager Kenny Dalglish who succeeded Joe Fagan in 1985. They joined the elite of clubs to have won the double of the league title and FA Cup in 1986, gained two further league titles in 1988 and again in 1990, and also won their fourth FA Cup in 1989.
The 1990s was a relatively unsuccessful decade by Liverpool standards. The 1990 league title was their most recent top division title to date, although they did win the FA Cup in 1992 and a record fifth League Cup in 1995, they never finished higher than third place after 1991 and in 1994 finished as low as eighth.
However, the 2000s has seen an upturn in fortunes for the club. They won three trophies in 2001 (the UEFA Cup, FA Cup and League Cup), finished second in the league in 2002 after 11 years outside the top two and won their seventh League Cup in 2003 under the management of Frenchman Gerard Houllier, who had been appointed in 1998. Houllier was succeeded by Rafael Benitez in 2004, and in his first season they won their fifth European Cup. Since then they have also won their seventh FA Cup as well as achieving another second place finish in the league. In spite of these success, they have still yet to win the league title since 1990.
Liverpool F.C. has played at Anfield since its formation, but plans to move to a new stadium in Stanley Park, which was due to be completed by 2011 but has been put on hold until economic conditions improve. Liverpool has a large and diverse fan base, which holds long-standing rivalries with several clubs. The most notable of these are their rivalries with Manchester United and Everton, with whom they contest the Merseyside derby.
Liverpool F.C. was founded after a dispute between Everton and John Houlding, the leaseholder of Anfield and Everton director. Fundamental difference emerged in how the club should be run when the club assessed the purchase of the whole of the Anfield site. Houlding was accused of motives for personal financial gain. Everton who had been playing at Anfield for eight years departed from Houlding and Anfield moving to a new stadium in Goodison Park.
Liverpool F.C. was founded by Houlding to play at the vacated Anfield. The original name was to be Everton F.C. and Athletic Grounds, Ltd., or Everton Athletic for short, but it was changed to Liverpool F.C. in June 1892 when The Football Association refused to recognise the team as Everton.
The club won the Lancashire League in their first season, and successfully applied to join the Second Division for the following season. They won the league and were promoted to the First Division. They won their first title in 1900–01, and were champions again in 1905–06. They reached their first FA Cup final in 1914 but lost 1–0 to Burnley. The club won back-to-back championships in 1921–22 and 1922–23, but after this the club did not win another trophy until 1946–47 when they won the League for a fifth time. The club reached the FA Cup final in 1950, but lost to Arsenal. Liverpool struggled afterwards, and the club was relegated to the Second Division in the 1953–54 season.
Liverpool foundered until the appointment of Bill Shankly as manager in 1959. On his appointment he released 24 players. He also converted a room at Enfield originally used for boot storage into a room where the coaches could talk strategy over tea (and other beverages). There Shankly, along with other founding Boot Room members Joe Fagan, Reuben Bennett, and Bob Paisley, started the arduous task of reshaping the team.
Promotion to the First Division was achieved in 1961–62, and the club won the League for the first time in 17 years in 1963–64. Another League title followed in 1965–66, after the club had won their first FA Cup the previous season. The club won the League and UEFA Cup in 1972–73 and the FA Cup again a year later; after this, Shankly retired and was replaced by assistant Bob Paisley. Paisley was even more successful than Shankly and the club won the League and UEFA Cup in 1975–76, his second season as manager. The following season they retained the League title, won the European Cup for the first time, but lost in the FA Cup final, narrowly missing out on a treble. Liverpool retained the European Cup the next season, and the season after won the League again with 68 points—a domestic record, conceding only 16 goals in 42 league matches. During the nine seasons Paisley managed the club, Liverpool won 21 trophies, including three European Cups, a UEFA Cup, six league titles and three consecutive League Cups. The only domestic trophy to elude him was the FA Cup.
Paisley retired in 1983 and (as Shankly had done) handed the reins to a Boot Room veteran, assistant coach Joe Fagan. Liverpool won three trophies in Fagan's first season in charge: the League, League Cup and European Cup, becoming the first English side to win three trophies in a season. Liverpool reached the European Cup final again in 1985. The match was against Juventus at the Heysel Stadium. Before kick-off, disaster struck: Liverpool fans breached a fence which separated the two groups of supporters and charged the Juventus fans. The resulting weight of people caused a retaining wall to collapse, killing 39 fans, mostly Italians. The match was played regardless and Liverpool lost 1–0 to Juventus. English clubs were consequently banned from participating in European competition for five years; Liverpool received a ten-year ban, which was later reduced to six years. Fourteen of their fans received convictions for involuntary manslaughter.
Fagan resigned after the disaster and Kenny Dalglish was appointed as player-manager. During his reign, the club won another three League Championships and two FA Cups, including a League and Cup "Double" in 1985–86. Liverpool's success was overshadowed by the Hillsborough Disaster: in an FA Cup semi-final against Nottingham Forest on 15 April 1989, hundreds of Liverpool fans were crushed. 94 fans died that day; the 95th victim died in hospital from his injuries four days later, and the 96th died nearly four years later without regaining consciousness. After the Hillsborough tragedy there was a governmental review of stadium safety. Known as the Taylor Report, it paved the way for legislation which required top-division teams to have all-seater stadiums. The report ruled that the main reason for the disaster was overcrowding due to a failure of police control. Dalglish cited the Hillsborough Disaster and its repercussions as the reason for his resignation in 1991. He was replaced by former player Graeme Souness. Apart from winning the FA Cup in 1992, Souness achieved little success and was replaced by a former member of the "Boot Room", Roy Evans. Evans fared little better: a League Cup victory in 1995 was his only trophy. Gérard Houllier was appointed as co-manager in 1998–99, but was left in sole charge after Evans resigned in November 1998.
In his second season in charge Liverpool won a unique treble of the FA Cup, League Cup and UEFA Cup.In the 2001–02 season, during which Houllier underwent major heart surgery, Liverpool finished second behind Arsenal. The following seasons failed to live up to expectations and Houllier was replaced by Rafael Benítez. The club finished fifth in his first season in charge but won the UEFA Champions League by beating Milan 3–2 in a penalty shootout after the match finished 3–3. The following season Liverpool finished third with 82 points—their highest total since 1988. They won the FA Cup as they had the Champions League victory the previous season, by beating West Ham United in penalty shootout after the match finished at 3–3. In 2006–07, the club's search for investment came to an end when American businessmen George Gillett and Tom Hicks became the owners of Liverpool in a deal which valued the club and its outstanding debts at £218.9 million.That season, the club reached another Champions League final, but this time they lost 2–1 to AC Milan.
Liverpool traditionally played in red and white, but this was changed to an all red kit in the mid 1960s. Red has not always been used, in the early days, when the club took over Anfield from Everton; they used the Toffees' colours of blue and white. Their kit was almost identical to that worn by the Everton team of the time. By 1894 Liverpool had chosen red, and in 1901 the city's liver bird was adopted as the club's badge. For the next 60 years Liverpool's kit was red shirts with white shorts. The socks were changed over the years from red, to black, to white, and back to red again.
In 1964, then-Liverpool manager Bill Shankly decided to send the team out in all red for the first time against Anderlecht, as Ian St. John recalled in his autobiography:
“
He thought the colour scheme would carry psychological impact—red for danger, red for power. He came into the dressing room one day and threw a pair of red shorts to Ronnie Yeats. “Get into those shorts and let’s see how you look,” he said. “Christ, Ronnie, you look awesome, terrifying. You look 7ft tall.” “Why not go the whole hog, boss?” I suggested. “Why not wear red socks? Let’s go out all in red.” Shankly approved and an iconic kit was born.
”
Liverpool's away colours are traditionally either white shirts and black shorts or all yellow. However, in 1987 an all grey kit was introduced, which was used until the centenary season of 1991–92, when it was replaced by a combination of green shirts and white shorts. After various colour combinations in the 1990s, including gold and navy, bright yellow, black and grey, and ecru, the club alternated between yellow and white away kits until the 2008–09 season, when they re-introduced the grey kit.The current kits are designed by Adidas, who made the club's kits between 1985 and 1996. The only other branded shirts worn by the club were made by Umbro until 1985 and Reebok for ten seasons starting in 1996.A third kit, consisting of a turquoise top and black shorts, has been designed primarily for Champions League away games, but is used for any domestic games where both red and grey would clash
Liverpool was the first British professional club to have a sponsor's logo on their shirts, after they agreed to a deal with Hitachi in 1979. Since then they have been sponsored by Crown Paints, Candy, Carlsberg and soon to be Standard Chartered Bank. The contract with Carlsberg, which was signed in 1992, was the longest agreement in English top-flight football.
Liverpool have confirmed that sponsor Carlsberg will be replaced with Standard Chartered Bank at the start of the 2010-11 season, ending a 17-year association with Carlsberg.
The Liverpool badge is based around the city's liver bird, which is placed inside a shield. Above the shield is a representation of the Shankly Gates with the title of club's famous anthem, "You'll Never Walk Alone". The twin flames at either side are symbolic of the Hillsborough memorial outside Anfield, where an eternal flame burns in memory of those who died in the disaster.
Liverpool has played at Anfield since they were founded in 1892. Anfield was built in 1884 on land adjacent to Stanley Park, and was originally used by Everton. They left the ground in 1892 over a dispute about rent with the owner of Anfield, John Houlding, who decided to form a new club to play at the ground. The capacity of the stadium was 20,000, although only 100 spectators attended Liverpool's first match at Anfield.
In 1906, the banked stand at one end of the ground was formally renamed the Spion Kop after a hill in Natal. The hill was the site of the Battle of Spion Kop in the Second Boer War, where over 300 men of the Lancashire Regiment died, many of whom were from Liverpool. At its largest, the stand could hold 28,000 spectators, and was one of the largest single tier stands in the world. Many stadia in England had stands named after the Spion Kop, but Anfield's was the largest Kop in the country at the time; it was able to hold more supporters than some entire football grounds. The stand was considerably reduced in capacity due to safety measures brought in following the Hillsborough Disaster. It was completely rebuilt as an all-seater stand in 1994, and remains a single tier stand with a reduced capacity of 12,390.
The Anfield Road stand is positioned at the opposite end to the Kop, and houses the away team's fans. Rebuilt in 1998 with a capacity of 9,074, it is the newest stand at Anfield. The two stands adjacent to these are the Main Stand, with a capacity of 12,227, and the Centenary Stand, which has a capacity of 11,762. The Main Stand is the oldest part of Anfield, and has remained largely untouched since its redevelopment in 1973. It houses the players' changing rooms and the director's box, and the dug-outs are in front of the stand. The Centenary Stand was previously known as the Kemlyn Road Stand until it was rebuilt for the club's centenary in 1992. The redevelopment saw the houses in Kemlyn Road demolished and the address become non-existent. The capacity of the stadium is 45,362. It is rated as a four-star stadium in the UEFA Stadia List.
On 30 July 2004, the Liverpool City Council granted the club planning permission to build a new 60,000-seat stadium just 300 yards (270 m) away from Anfield at Stanley Park,and on 8 September 2006 the Council agreed to grant Liverpool F.C. a 999-year lease on the land on the proposed site. Following the takeover of the club in February 2007 by George Gillett and Tom Hicks, the proposed stadium was redesigned. In November 2007, the new design was approved by the Council, and construction started in June 2008. HKS, Inc. are building the new stadium which is expected to be completed in 2011.
Training ground
Melwood, in West Derby, Liverpool, has been the home of Liverpool's training ground since the 1950s. It is not attached to The Academy, which is in Kirkby. The ground previously belonged to St Francis Xavier, a local school.
Liverpool has a large and loyal fan-base, and nearly all home matches sell out. During the season 2008–09, Liverpool had the fourth-highest average League attendance for an English club: 44,318, which is 96.8% of available capacity.Liverpool fans often refer to themselves as "Kopites", which is a reference to the fans who once stood, and now sit, on the Kop at Anfield.
The song "You'll Never Walk Alone", originally from the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Carousel and later recorded by Liverpool musicians Gerry & The Pacemakers, is the club's anthem, and has been sung by the Anfield crowd since the early 1960s. It has since gained popularity among fans of other clubs around the world.The song's title adorns the top of the Shankly Gates, which were unveiled on 2 August 1982 in memory of the former manager Bill Shankly. The "You'll Never Walk Alone" portion of the Shankly Gates is also reproduced on the club's crest.
Liverpool's longest-established rivalry is with fellow Merseyside team Everton, against whom they contest the Merseyside derby. This stems from Liverpool's formation and the dispute with Everton officials and the then owners of Anfield. Religious differences have been cited as a cause of division, although both teams stem from a Methodist origin, which undermines the notion of a Catholic–Protestant split.The Merseyside derby is usually a sell-out fixture. More players have been sent off in it than in any other fixture in Premier League history. It is one of the few local derbies that does not enforce fan segregation.Liverpool has a rivalry with its neighbours Manchester United. This is mostly due to the success enjoyed by the two clubs and the proximity of the two cities. The rivalry is so intense that the last player to be transferred between the two clubs was Phil Chisnall in 1964, when he moved to Liverpool from United.
The club's supporters have been involved in two major tragic events. The first was the Heysel Stadium disaster, in which 39 Juventus fans were killed. They were penned into a corner by Liverpool fans who charged in their direction, the sheer number of fans cornered caused a wall to collapse. After the final UEFA laid the blame for the incident solely on the fans of Liverpool, English clubs were banned from European competition for five years and Liverpool served an extra year, a six-year ban. There were 27 arrests on suspicion of manslaughter – the only extraditable offence applicable to events at Heysel. The majority of these people were from Merseyside. Some of these people had previous convictions for football-related violence. In 1989, after a 5-month trial in Belgium, fourteen Liverpool fans were given 3-year sentences for involuntary manslaughter.Half the terms were suspendedand it is unclear how many served their sentences.
The second was during an FA Cup semi-final in 1989 between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest, 96 Liverpool fans died due to overcrowding in what became known as the Hillsborough Disaster. The Sun newspaper published an article entitled "The Truth", in which it claimed that Liverpool fans had robbed and urinated on the dead and had attacked the police. Subsequent investigations proved the allegations to be false, and this led to a city-wide boycott of the newspaper. Many organisations were set up as a result of the disaster, such as the Hillsborough Justice Campaign, which represents bereaved families, survivors and supporters, who campaign for justice for the 96 people who died in Sheffield on 15 April 1989.
Ownership and finances
Liverpool is owned by George Gillett and Tom Hicks, who acquired the club on 6 February 2007 from previous chairman David Moores. The deal valued the club and its outstanding debts at £218.9 million. The pair paid £5,000 per share, or £174.1m for the total shareholding in the club, and £44.8m to cover the club's debts.Disagreements between Gillett and Hicks, and their lack of the fans' support, have precipitated rumours that Dubai International Capital (DIC), who were interested in buying the club before Gillett and Hicks took over, would bid for the club. Another group, Share Liverpool FC, also expressed interest in purchasing the club. They proposed to pay £500m, which would be funded by 100,000 fans contributing £5,000 each for a club share. However, the group have been unable to raise the required capital to make an offer for the club.
In April 2008, business magazine Forbes ranked Liverpool as the fourth most valuable football team in the world, after Manchester United, Real Madrid and Arsenal. They valued the club at $1.0bn (£605m), excluding debt.Accountants Deloitte rate Liverpool eighth in the 2008 Deloitte Football Money League, which ranks the world's football clubs in terms of revenue. Liverpool's income of £133.9m in the 2006–07 season moved them up from tenth the previous season.
Liverpool in popular culture
As the most successful team in the history of English football, Liverpool is often featured when football is depicted in British culture and has appeared in a number of media "firsts". The club appeared in the first edition of the BBC's Match of the Day, which screened highlights of their match against Arsenal at Anfield on 22 August 1964. The club was also the subject of television's first colour football transmission, which showed their match against West Ham United live.Liverpool fans feature in the Pink Floyd song "Fearless", in which they sang excerpts from "You'll Never Walk Alone".Liverpool released a song known as the "Anfield Rap" in 1988. It was the club's FA Cup anthem for the final against Wimbledon, and featured John Barnes performing a rap with other members of the squad participating.
A documentary drama on the Hillsborough Disaster written by Jimmy McGovern was screened in 1996. It features Christopher Eccleston as Trevor Hicks, whose story formed the focus of the script. Hicks, who lost two teenage daughters in the disaster, went on to campaign for safer stadia and helped to form the Hillsborough Families Support Group. Liverpool feature in the film The 51st State (also known as Formula 51). Ex-hitman Felix DeSouza (Robert Carlyle) is an avid fan of the team and the last scene of the film takes place at a match between Liverpool and Manchester United. The club was featured in a children's television show called Scully; the plot revolved around a young boy, Francis Scully, who tried to win a trial with Liverpool. The show featured prominent Liverpool players of the time such as Kenny Dalglish.
Statistics and records
Main article: List of Liverpool F.C. statistics and records
Liverpool's first competitive game was an 8–0 victory in the Lancashire League against Higher Walton. Ian Callaghan holds Liverpool's overall appearance record—he played 857 matches over the course of 19 seasons from 1958 to 1978—and the record for League appearances with 640.Of the current squad, Jamie Carragher has the most appearances; he played his 500th game for the club early in 2008.
Liverpool's all-time leading scorer is Ian Rush, who scored 346 goals while at the club from 1980 to 1987 and 1988 to 1996. Rush holds the record for the most goals in a season with 47 in 1983–84. However, during his career, Rush could not surpass Roger Hunt's record number of league goals, which has stood at 245 since 1970. In the 1961–62 season, Hunt scored 41 goals, which is the club record for league goals in a single season. Gordon Hodgson, the club's third highest scorer with 240 goals, holds the club record of 17 hat tricks.The most goals scored by a player in a single match is five; John Miller, Andy McGuigan, John Evans, Ian Rush and Robbie Fowler have achieved this feat.Fowler also holds the club and Premier League record for the fastest hat trick: he scored three goals in four minutes, 32 seconds against Arsenal in the 1994–95 season.Steven Gerrard is Liverpool's all-time leading goalscorer in European competition with 29 goals.
Liverpool's biggest victory is 11–0 against Strømsgodset IF in 1974.Liverpool's 10–1 defeat of Rotherham Town in 1896 was its largest league win.This margin of victory was matched when Crystal Palace were defeated 9–0 at Anfield in 1989.Liverpool's heaviest defeat, 1–9, came against Birmingham City in 1954. Liverpool's 8–0 win against Beşiktaş J.K. in the Champions League was the largest victory in the competition's history at the time.
Award winners
Ballon d'Or
The following players have won the Ballon d'Or whilst playing for Liverpool:
Michael Owen – 2001
European Golden Shoe
The following players have won the European Golden Shoe whilst playing for Liverpool:
Ian Rush (32 goals) – 1984
UEFA Club Footballer of the Year
The following players have won the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year award whilst playing for Liverpool:
Steven Gerrard – 2005
Liverpool has had 17 permanent managers and one caretaker manager since the club's first appointed, W.E. Barclay and John McKenna as professional managers in 1892. The longest-serving manager in terms of time was Tom Watson, who managed Liverpool for 19 years from 1896 to 1915. Bill Shankly managed the club for more games than any other manager; he served for 783 matches. Kenny Dalglish was the first player-manager in English football when he was appointed in 1985. Bob Paisley, who won 19 trophies during his tenure, was the club's most successful manager.
Liverpool has won the English League Championship eighteen times (a record they share with Manchester United), the FA Cup seven times and the League Cup a record seven times. The club achieved a League and FA Cup "Double" in 1986, and has won the League and European Cup double twice, in 1977 and 1984. They also won the League Cup in 1984 to complete a unique treble, a feat they repeated (albeit with different trophies) in 2001 when they won the FA Cup, League Cup and UEFA Cup. Liverpool has won the European Cup, Europe's primary club competition, five times, which is an English record. Only Real Madrid and Milan has won the competition on more occasions. The club's fifth triumph meant that they won the trophy outright and was awarded a multiple-winner badge. The club has won the UEFA Cup, Europe's secondary club competition, three times, a record they share with Juventus and Internazionale.
Domestic
League
Football League First Division (English football champions) (level 1)
Winners (18): 1900–01, 1905–06, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1946–47, 1963–64, 1965–66, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1989–90
Second Division (level 2)
Winners (4): 1893–94, 1895–96, 1904–05, 1961–62
Lancashire League
Winners (1): 1892–93
Cups
FA Cup
Winners (7): 1965, 1974, 1986, 1989, 1992, 2001, 2006
League Cup
Winners (7): 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1995, 2001, 2003
FA Charity Shield / FA Community Shield
Winners (15, 10 outright and 5 shared): 1964 (shared), 1965 (shared), 1966, 1974, 1976, 1977 (shared), 1979, 1980, 1982, 1986 (shared), 1988, 1989, 1990 (shared), 2001, 2006
Super Cup
Winners (1): 1986
European
European Cup and UEFA Champions League
Winners (5): 1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005
UEFA Cup
Winners (3): 1973, 1976, 2001
UEFA Super Cup
Winners (3): 1977, 2001, 2005
Johannesburg Zoo & War Museum
What a great family day out.We went to spend the day at JHB zoo and after lunch decided to go and see what the SA National War Museum had on offer.
If you are in the area give these places a try.
Me and the family really enjoyed the experience and the kids loved seeing all the animals.
One thing u must know that the zoo is massive so make sure u have comfortable shoes on and we took a picnic basket and basically had lunch with the elephants.
It will take you the whole day to get through the zoo so dont go to late.
So if you do decide to go be sure to enjoy youre day!!!!!!!
JULIUS JULIUS JULIUS YOU IDIOT!!!!!!!
man this guy is funny.he completely cracks me up.he completely makes the anc look like a stand up comedy act.
he complains about white people being racist but isn't hating whites also being racist or is being a racist purely got to do with being white.I'm young so i didn't really ever experience what the apartheid was all about but now working and trying to provide for my family i feel like im being punished for things that happened so long ago.
I'm so annoyed at the fact that when u apply for a job they say that we all apply equally when we all know its a load of crap.
on the 24Th of September it was national heritage day.me and my family decided to go to witbank dam.
on Saturday the 26Th all hell broke loose.
we were playing Frisbee with the kids,so having a nice time when two black males start pissing right in front of the kids.
we politely ask them not to do that because its not proper behaviour.
"go fuck yourself before we kill you and you're family"
what a response!!!!!!!!!!!!
by this time there's about 1000 partying and drinking like theres no tomorrow.
a hand full start pelting us with bottles and start threatening us.
about two hours later(by some miracle)the police arrive.
and im not joking when i say a mini riot breaks out.
so is this how we spend our heritage weekend i ask.
I'm just glad that the older generation don't seem to hate us as much as the Malema generation.
BEE(black economic empowerment)
what a fucking joke!!!!!!!!!!
we are a country where the rich only get richer and the poor grow fucking poor.
if you're family has a contact to gain you some sort of BEE contract you're instantly rich
our public service has gone to the dumps.our health care is in such a state that if u go to the government hospital today you might get helped tomorrow only if the fat bitch sitting behind the counter can be bothered.
our roads and public transports a complete mess.mpumalanga is probably the worst,here potholes are the size of dams.
2010 the world cup.i just cant wait because SA will be making the headlines for all the wrong reasons.
Malema thinks that when a woman gets raped she asked for it and this is the nonsense he wants our youth to believe.
here are some more of his infamous quotes:
ANCYL leader Julius Malema on Thursday threatened to "mobilise society" against Nedbank following a decision to withdraw its sponsorship from Athletics SA (ASA). "Let them withdraw. We'll engage them and we'll expose them for who they are. Full Article at iAfrica.com
Allegations that Julius Malema assaulted a police reservist who tried to break up his all-night party at the weekend were part of a conspiracy hatched by Helen Zille and her opposition party. Full Article at Independent Online
A hate speech complaint against ANC Youth League leader Julius Malema was part of a conspiracy to undermine the organisation, the Equality Court in Johannesburg heard on Monday. Full Article at iAfrica.com
and this is but a few
don't forget when he said that there's no such thing as a hermaphrodite because the word doesn't exist in the pedi language
don't get me wrong.
I truly love this country for all its beauty and amazing nature
but that's only in my heart
my mind tells me to leave and move as far away as possible just to get away from being criticised for being white,for having white parents,for having a job and for trying to make the most of the situation
so if what ever i said is classed as hate speech then i tell you to start taking note of things that Malema has said.
he complains about white people being racist but isn't hating whites also being racist or is being a racist purely got to do with being white.I'm young so i didn't really ever experience what the apartheid was all about but now working and trying to provide for my family i feel like im being punished for things that happened so long ago.
I'm so annoyed at the fact that when u apply for a job they say that we all apply equally when we all know its a load of crap.
on the 24Th of September it was national heritage day.me and my family decided to go to witbank dam.
on Saturday the 26Th all hell broke loose.
we were playing Frisbee with the kids,so having a nice time when two black males start pissing right in front of the kids.
we politely ask them not to do that because its not proper behaviour.
"go fuck yourself before we kill you and you're family"
what a response!!!!!!!!!!!!
by this time there's about 1000 partying and drinking like theres no tomorrow.
a hand full start pelting us with bottles and start threatening us.
about two hours later(by some miracle)the police arrive.
and im not joking when i say a mini riot breaks out.
so is this how we spend our heritage weekend i ask.
I'm just glad that the older generation don't seem to hate us as much as the Malema generation.
BEE(black economic empowerment)
what a fucking joke!!!!!!!!!!
we are a country where the rich only get richer and the poor grow fucking poor.
if you're family has a contact to gain you some sort of BEE contract you're instantly rich
our public service has gone to the dumps.our health care is in such a state that if u go to the government hospital today you might get helped tomorrow only if the fat bitch sitting behind the counter can be bothered.
our roads and public transports a complete mess.mpumalanga is probably the worst,here potholes are the size of dams.
2010 the world cup.i just cant wait because SA will be making the headlines for all the wrong reasons.
Malema thinks that when a woman gets raped she asked for it and this is the nonsense he wants our youth to believe.
here are some more of his infamous quotes:
ANCYL leader Julius Malema on Thursday threatened to "mobilise society" against Nedbank following a decision to withdraw its sponsorship from Athletics SA (ASA). "Let them withdraw. We'll engage them and we'll expose them for who they are. Full Article at iAfrica.com
Allegations that Julius Malema assaulted a police reservist who tried to break up his all-night party at the weekend were part of a conspiracy hatched by Helen Zille and her opposition party. Full Article at Independent Online
A hate speech complaint against ANC Youth League leader Julius Malema was part of a conspiracy to undermine the organisation, the Equality Court in Johannesburg heard on Monday. Full Article at iAfrica.com
and this is but a few
don't forget when he said that there's no such thing as a hermaphrodite because the word doesn't exist in the pedi language
don't get me wrong.
I truly love this country for all its beauty and amazing nature
but that's only in my heart
my mind tells me to leave and move as far away as possible just to get away from being criticised for being white,for having white parents,for having a job and for trying to make the most of the situation
so if what ever i said is classed as hate speech then i tell you to start taking note of things that Malema has said.
Sunday, October 4, 2009
fucking dumb ass driver
follow this link to see what happened at Lake Umuzi waterfront when a dumb ass tried showing off with his car.
we often go to the night clubs there and this is the last thing u need after you and youre friends have had a nice evening
http://www.beeld.com/Content/Galleries/Video/Videos/Suid-Afrika/Sportmotor%20ploeg%20tussen%20toeskouers%20in/3b93129d4cb8430f8347871154e1978d/Sportmotor_ploeg_tussen_toeskouers_in
we often go to the night clubs there and this is the last thing u need after you and youre friends have had a nice evening
http://www.beeld.com/Content/Galleries/Video/Videos/Suid-Afrika/Sportmotor%20ploeg%20tussen%20toeskouers%20in/3b93129d4cb8430f8347871154e1978d/Sportmotor_ploeg_tussen_toeskouers_in
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